Hi Aaron,
this has to be one of my favorite topics (foreign languages used to be my #1 passion until the web came into my life ;)).
I've analyzed quite a few German and French SERPs. I think it's hard to point out possible differences in the algorithms (I think the few times I asked this on English-language SEO forums people said they had never dealt with foreign language SERPs, but there was probably no difference - though I'm not sure how they'd know), but all in all the algorithm of google.de and google.fr seems very similar to google.com.
All I can tell from German SEO blogs, forums, etc. is that link building is big in the German SERPs, too.
One thing that sort of dissapoints me, however is this: I used to think the German and the French SERPs should be a great opportunity for me, because they have to be less competitive than the English language SERPs, as people don't know as much about SEO, here, yet.
I've found some very niche topics (that I'm not comfortable making a site about, yet, because those aren't my real interests) that would (hopefully will) probably be opportunities like that, but for most of the topics I've been interested in making sites about I did/will end up creating the site in English for two reasons:
1)sites in those fields often still have a high number of back links (people don't SEO like crazy, but they still link out to other sites) - relative to the search volumes for their main phrases - so in the end it's not really easier getting a lot of traffic, because yeah you need somewhat less links, but you'll also get quite a bit less traffic (and the ratio doesn't seem appealing most of the time I checked)
2)There are lower back link counts (okay I should probably say lower link authority to be correct) to compete with, but also less sources to get links from. So if you can create great content/link bait (instead of relying on forum signature links and the like), there are often waaay more sources to get links from in the English language SERPs.
So you might end up creating a great piece of link bait, but don't have many people to pitch it, too (especially not too many bloggers).
(I guess for e-commerce sites and not sites-about-a-topic-youre-passionate-about-about this might be different, though!)
Some more differences would be these:
1) keyword tools. There's just the adwords and the overture-tool (and if the overture tool is working right now/hasn't been taken offline, it's simply highly unreliable in a market like the German or the French market where Google has a market share of >90% and yahoo's market share is <5%).
2) Google has 90% or more of the pie so there's no need to care about other engines at the moment (or maybe this would actually be a nice idea, as nobody is really caring about yahoo, etc.? I think their market share is just way too small for that, though)
3) Social media sites...social media isn't as big in Germany as in the US, yet. We have sites that are pretty similar to facebook and linkedin and we also have German sites like digg (a couple of people seem to use digg and stumbledupon here, too, btw) but it isn't as popular as it is in the English language world...there are just not that many sites like that for link baiting, I guess...and blogs aren't that popular here, either..so there are less blogs...
I guess this is kind of the same thing that I said about not enough sources to get links from (not just aren't there as many sites by webmasters, but there aren't that many blogs/social sites to linkbait).
4) I cannot verify if this is true, right now, but I've read an article (by an author who knows his stuff), that using Google Analytics in Germany was a horrible idea, because of the law. We have very strict data protection laws here in Germany (not sure if more strict than in the US, though) and the policy of Google Analytics would allow them to do something with the data that would be against the German law (unfortunately it's been a while since I last read that article).
5) Speaking of the law, if you want to make sure G can't track your footprints, etc., this could be harder in the German SERPs (or in other European countries where this is also necessary), because you need to have all of your contact details on your website, otherwise you can get sued (even for having a non-commercial site - though opinions differ here, because of how the law is written and the web still being so new)
I guess all of that sounded like there are a ton of differences, but at the end of the day except for those minor differences, it seems to be pretty much the same. Make a good site. Get links. Optimize for your keywords. But sound and look natural.
Another thing I found rather interesting is this:
On an SEO forum I was told that hyphens in domain names were a sign of low quality to the search engines (not just not good for users, but I was told it had a bad effect on SE rankings, because there were no such domain names in the top10 of Google anymore).
However, in the German SERPs I still see plenty of domains with a hyphen between the words. Results with 1 (sometimes more) hyphen(s) between words are pretty much the norm in many German SERPs. Either this is a difference in the algorithm or it means that a hyphen in the domain name doesn't look good, but doesn't necessarily hurt your SE rankings.
Please keep in mind that I haven't done any actual SEO in German or French (other than analyzing SERPs and doing market research) so far.











